"This," "that," "these," and "those" are demonstrative pronouns that replace nouns while specifying their nature in terms of quantity and immediacy. When these words come before a noun, they are demonstrative adjectives. "This" refers to a singular object that is close or more relevant, immediate, or accessible to the speaker, while "that" indicates a singular object that is further removed.

banner PLACEHOLDER

In the following two sentences, "this" and "that" each replace a noun, and are therefore being used as demonstrative pronouns. 

This is where the most important items are discussed with the team

Caption 9, Agile workflow: in simplified terms

 Play Caption

That's a very nice hotel.

Caption 21, A Weekend in Amsterdam: Planning the Trip

 Play Caption

We do not know where the discussion was held, or which hotel is being referred to, but we can assume that these locations were provided in an previous sentence. 

Here are both words used as demonstrative adjectives, which essentially answer the question "Which?" and provide specificity and clarity.

I have this red pen and this blue pen.

Caption 7, Abiventures: Organizing

 Play Caption

You think you're so smart with that blanket.

Caption 7, A Charlie Brown Christmas: Snowflakes

 Play Caption

The word "these" is the plural form of "this," and is used for multiple items that are more immediate or relevant. "Those" is the plural form of "that."Something that is described as "this" might be right in your hand. Nouns specified with "that" might be an alternative, not the most logical choice, or something you don't have access to. 

And I'm just trying to brainstorm how can I use these in my creative filmmaking process.

Captions 8-9, Abiventures: Papers

 Play Caption

And those are made of elementary particles.

Caption 10, In a Nutshell What Is Something?

 Play Caption

And here we have our plural demonstrative adjectives: 

So, if you observe these writing rules, your letter will be easy to read.

Caption 12, Business Life: Cover Letter

 Play Caption

I would have seen those keys in the grocery bag.

Caption 43, Parts of Speech: Modal Verbs - Part 4

 Play Caption

Further Learning
You will find hundreds of examples of "this," "that," "these," and "those" on Yabla English.

In English, we use conditional sentences for events or occurrences that are more or less certain under particular circumstances. Often, these employ the word "if" in the first clause, and then follow with a main clause. There are four basic types of conditional sentences that describe levels of possibility, from events that are very likely to missed opportunities in the past.  

BANNER PLACEHOLDER

Type 0 conditional sentences state facts or universal truths. The "if" clause and the main clause simply use the present simple tense.

If you are in the Skycouch row, there are special seat belt instructions in your seat pocket.

Caption 11, Air New Zealand - An Unexpected Briefing

 Play Caption

Type 1 conditional sentences refer to cause-and-effect links, and events that are quite certain or even definite if the condition stated in the "if" clause is fulfilled. The "if" clause is formed with "if" + simple present tense, and the main clause is uses the "will" future. 

So, if you observe these writing rules, your letter will be easy to read,​

Caption 12, Business English - Cover Letter

 Play Caption

If they are too late, they will miss their ride.

Caption 26, Nature & Wildlife - Wild Sharks

 Play Caption

Type 2 conditional sentences refer to events that are less possible or likely, often hypothetical. The "if" clause uses the simple past, which actually creates the subjunctive mood, while the main clause contains "would" + the infinitive (together sometimes referred to as conditional I tense).

If you gave me a chance, I would take it

Caption 14, Clean Bandit - Rather Be (feat. Jess Glynne)

 Play Caption

If I had the vocal capacity, I would sing this from every mountain top.

Caption 37, Jamila Lyiscot's TED talk - 3 Ways to Speak English

 Play Caption

Type 3 conditional sentences are used to talk about possibilities or events that never came to be. The "if" clause contains the past perfect, while the main clause includes "would have" + past participle (sometimes in combination referred to as the conditional II tense). 

Unfortunately, if we had signed the contract last week,

we would have been able to make some concessions.

Captions 24-25, Business English - Difficulties with Coworkers and Contracts

 Play Caption

It is worth mentioning that you may often see "mixed types" of the conditional, in which a missed opportunity in the past (expressed using the participle) is portrayed as still affecting the present. Take a look at the following sentence. It is clear that Chuck did not crash his motorcycle, yet the main clause is still being expressed as if it were part of a type two conditional sentence.

If Chuck had crashed it, we would be out.

Caption 65, Motorcycle Masters - Birmingham Alabama

 Play Caption

BANNER PLACEHOLDER

Further Learning
Whenever you see a sentences with "if" on Yabla English, try to identify which type of conditional sentence it might be related to. Make up 3 or 4 sentences related to your plans for the week or anything you didn't get to do over the weekend. For example, "If Anna had wanted to go to the cinema, I would have gone with her," or "If I can get the afternoon off tomorrow, I will go to the cinema."