A courageous roadrunner faces off with a venomous rattlesnake. The small amount of precious rainfall that January provides gives the desert a sudden spark of life. Plants grow, flower, and store water, and the tiny Costa’s hummingbird uses the finest materials that nature provides to make a nest for her young.

Now we'll look at some verbs and phrasal verbs that use imagery to talk about plans and timetables that change. This segment is about "to shelve," "to put on ice," "to put on hold," and "to hold off."

Arizona’s Saguaro National Park was created to save the iconic and increasingly rare saguaro cactus from extinction. Within the park’s desert scenery, conflicts arise between species and can often resemble an Old West showdown at high noon!

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Isaac visits one of America’s most well-loved settings for outdoor adventure, Yosemite National Park, which is famous for its iconic granite peaks, waterfalls, and roaming bears!

Here is one more verb to use when you want to avoid giving an answer: "to stall." Sigrid then sums up and gives you some tips for remembering all of the related verbs from both segments of this video.

Here are some verbs that are handy when plans change. This segment features "to postpone," "to delay," "to procrastinate," and "to put off."

Yosemite’s mountain peaks are already capped with snow and a mist rolls through the valleys. The coyote’s mating season begins as winter starts, and the bobcat mother will soon leave her young to fend for themselves.

Yosemite’s trees and animals have adapted to endure the occasional wildfire and the extreme changing of the seasons. In September, marmots prepare their burrows for hibernation and the deer are full of energy as the annual rut approaches.

Now Sigrid has also lost her glasses! In this final part, learn how to use modal verbs to express probability, and find out whether she finds the missing items.

In the lower valley, a foraging black bear attacks a colony of ants, which quickly rally to defend themselves. At its driest in summer and fall, the park is at the mercy of forest fires. One of the largest ever, the Rim Fire, broke out in the autumn of 2013, and burned out of control for over ten weeks.

Sigrid has lost a couple of important items and is trying to think where they might be. In this part, she has lost her car key. She uses plenty of modal verbs to tell her story, including modal verbs expressing probability.

It’s June, and Yosemite has come alive with noise and vibrant colors. The meadow flowers are in bloom, the bobcat kittens are almost full-grown, and the park’s unique amphibian and rodent populations emerge from their winter rest.

When do we use "should" and "could"? At the end of the video, you'll also find a preview of the next 2 videos where modals are used in everyday speech for discussing probability.

The imposing rock faces of Yosemite are very popular with sport climbers, and the rocky heights are also home to the endearing American pika. Mule deer, many with fawns, inhabit the lower valley, which is awash with spring color.

Kate lives in Grand Lake, Colorado, a small town that is considered the gateway to Rocky Mountain National Park. Kate’s friend Tom is inspired by the cold and recent snow to go out and take a plunge in the icy lake!

Every modal verb is a bit different and not all of them can be used in all tenses. We use "may" for permission, but we can use "can" and its conditional form "could" as well.

A relaxing bobcat family is surprised by the appearance of a young black bear. Elsewhere, a raven family is threatened by the presence of a bald eagle circling above their nesting site.

In the wooded valley, a pine squirrel falls prey to the voracious bobcat. Here we find some of the oldest and tallest trees on earth: The giant sequoias, which are now a major attraction for visitors to the park.

Modal verbs are special verbs that go together with action verbs to indicate ability, permission, obligation and more. Let's see how they work.

As spring arrives, the remarkable and deadly poisonous Sierra newt moves to its traditional aquatic breeding grounds. Meanwhile, kingfishers fish the crystal clear Yosemite streams and squirrels play a dangerous game of chase with the hunting bobcats.

Molten granite was cooled and scoured by glaciers, forming Yosemite’s almost surreal landscape with its many remarkable rock formations. Black bears inhabit the park and emerge each spring from their hibernation, ready to begin a new cycle of life.

Audio and video sources can be factual, and can be used as evidence, but they can both be doctored, too. When we don't have the facts, we might have hearsay, but can we trust it?

What's the difference between disinformation and misinformation? And what about misleading information? Find out in this video.